088 伦敦

《伦敦——效率与平等性的时空博弈》

London Effectiveness and Equality in Spatial-Tempo Fix   (2020.07)

回顾伦敦的城市发展史，对于当下的中国城市具有借鉴和启迪意义。首先，环城绿带和沿交通绿色空间建设既对城市范围起到一定的限定，也为城市高品质生活提供了生态空间支撑。其次，判断城市蔓延的临界值，城市能够扩张的范围到底多大。第三则借鉴阿伯克隆比的新城战略，沿着城市外圈呈放射状地建设新城，并且对新城的范围进行限定。现在我们应该对于生态要素价值的发挥有更在地化的考虑，一方面把生态空间当一种资源，包含生态属性和资源属性，兼顾效率和效益两个方面。另一方面综合考虑碳汇能力、人的参与率、步行道的使用效率，均衡生态效益、社会效益、经济效益。目前中国比较多见的是生态效益良好，而经济效益和社会效益并没有最大化。中国的城市开发需要从伦敦的历史中汲取经验，并在经验中优化创新。

London's urban development history offers a great case study for Chinese cities at the present time: The Green Belt strategy is worth studying in terms of preventing urban sprawl and improving residents' quality of life through the provision of ecological open spaces. The size of the London metropolitan area offers a reference for the maximum scale of an urban sprawl. The New Towns movement and the Abercrombie Plan merit the attention of Chinese cities in proposing bounded satellite towns in the Outer Country Ring. Most importantly, while Chinese cities are generally good at providing ecological benefits, there is still room for improvement when it comes to economic and social benefits, in which drawing on London's experience and seeking innovation could be beneficial. At present, it is necessary for Chinese cities to formulate more localised strategies towards ecological resources: On the one hand, it is important to balance effectiveness and equity while considering ecological space as a resource, giving it both ecological and resource attributes. On the other hand, ecological, social, and economic benefits should be balanced, taking into account the carbon sink capacity, human participation, and the efficiency of pedestrian walkways.