085 巴黎悖论

《巴黎悖论——重回城市本质》

Paradoxe Paris: Returning to Essentials of Urban Place-Making   (2019.02)

城市规划界有一个老问题：奥斯曼究竟有什么“能力”，使巴黎被他改造之后的一个半世纪“从不落伍”？奥斯曼的城市设计导则，尤其是建筑的高度、街道的宽度，为什么“这么合理”？别急着回答，先想想这个问题本身。如果奥斯曼的改造如此合理，那么全球的城市为何没有都像小巴黎一样，呈现出“千城一面”？巴黎自身也在后来的城市扩张中“背叛了”传统。2007年法兰西岛地区开始新一轮的总体规划，2013~2014年有一次阶段性的方向转变。巴黎城市规划史的历史进程给了我们一个窥探的契机，去思考巴黎的根本问题是什么，巴黎能给世界上所有的城市带来什么经验和教训。从居住、革命、艺术、体育、节事、移民到现代规划思潮，085期作了一系列探索性的回应。

From an urban planning perspective, Haussmann's plan for Paris never ceases to intrigue us with the relentless urban vitality it creates. How were the design standards and rules ‒ particularly regarding street scale and building volume ‒ made to survive social and economic changes for over a century? Before we attempt to answer this question, it is worth considering why Haussmann's Paris has not become a global model for urban development, despite its apparent success. In fact, Paris has reinvented itself multiple times under urban expansion, most recently with the 2007 Grand Paris plan and a major transformation in 2013-2014. By exploring the history of Parisian place-making and its evolution through housing, revolution, art, sports, festivals, and immigration, Issue 85 seeks to draw insights and lessons that can inform urban planning in other cities. Through a juxtaposition of modern planning ideologies with Parisian experience, this issue makes a series of exploratory inquiries into the discourse.